The Pakistan Navy has taken a significant lead over India in Air-Independent Propulsion (AIP) technology, with plans for further advancements underway.
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Pakistan has already integrated three Agosta-90B submarines into its fleet, while India’s fleet lacks modern AIP-equipped submarines. The addition of Hangor-class submarines from China, expected in the early 2030s, will bring Pakistan’s AIP-equipped submarines to a total of 11.
Admiral Naveed Ashraf confirmed that the construction of four Hangor-class submarines is on schedule, enhancing the navy’s operational capabilities.
