Tensions between Afghanistan and Pakistan have sharply escalated after deadly cross-border gunfire, raising fears of a wider regional conflict. The latest violence followed airstrikes in Kabul and Paktika, which the Taliban blamed on Pakistan, though Islamabad has not officially taken responsibility.
The flare-up comes amid a historic visit by Taliban Foreign Minister Amir Khan Muttaqi to India, Pakistan’s longtime rival, heightening concerns in Islamabad about shifting regional alliances.
Experts say this marks one of the most serious escalations between Afghanistan and Pakistan in years. The two nations share a complex relationship defined by both cooperation and conflict.
Pakistan Accuses Afghanistan of Harboring Militants
During a press briefing, Pakistani military spokesperson Lt. Gen. Ahmed Sharif Chaudhry claimed Afghanistan is being used as a base for terrorism in Pakistan. The Taliban, however, denied the accusation. Pakistan has long alleged that Afghanistan shelters the Pakistani Taliban (TTP), responsible for a surge in attacks since 2021.
In response to recent Taliban offensives near the Kunar and Nangarhar provinces, Pakistan said it launched “defensive strikes” on militant camps. Both sides reported conflicting casualty figures, with Pakistan claiming to have killed over 200 militants and the Taliban reporting 58 Pakistani troop deaths.
Longstanding Border Dispute
The two nations have frequently clashed along the disputed 1,600-mile Durand Line. Despite decades of shared trade and cultural ties, relations have worsened due to growing militancy. Pakistan has hosted millions of Afghan refugees but has recently increased deportations, citing security threats.
Global Calls for De-escalation
China, Russia, Qatar, and Saudi Arabia have urged both Afghanistan and Pakistan to show restraint. The U.S. has also called for peace, with former President Donald Trump even offering to mediate.
Future of Regional Stability
Analysts warn that continued tensions between Afghanistan and Pakistan could destabilize the region further. Pakistan insists it seeks diplomacy but will not allow “the treacherous use of Afghan soil for terrorism.”
As both sides pause hostilities, observers believe the coming weeks will determine whether this confrontation leads to renewed cooperation or a dangerous new chapter in their turbulent history.
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