The Netherlands has developed one of the most advanced flood protection systems in the world. Investing around 1.3 billion euros annually, the country maintains an extensive network of dikes, canals, windmills, barriers, and embankments to safeguard its low-lying land.
A key feature of this system is a citizen alert scheme that warns of possible floods 24 hours in advance. The scale of these anti-flood measures is unmatched globally and has earned the Netherlands recognition as a leader in climate resilience.
One of the most impressive structures is the giant sea gate at Rotterdam, Europe’s largest port. The gate consists of two massive curved arms, each heavier than the Eiffel Tower. When needed, they swing into place to form a 22-meter-high wall, one of the largest moving structures on Earth.
Despite these efforts, the country continues to face risks from rising sea levels and river floods. More than 15 million people in the Netherlands live below sea level, while rivers like the Rhine, Meuse, and Schelde add further threats.
The region has a history of devastating floods, including the St Lucia flood of 1287, which killed over 50,000 people, and the 1953 disaster that claimed 2,400 lives. These tragedies have shaped the Dutch approach to water management over centuries.
Urbanisation has also increased flood risks by reducing natural vegetation and creating impermeable surfaces that prevent water absorption. Land reclamation and deforestation have further added to coastal erosion and soil sinking.
To address climate challenges, the Netherlands launched a Green Bond in 2019 worth 5.98 billion euros, which was heavily oversubscribed. The funds are used for projects focusing on coastal and river ecosystem protection and sustainable development.
While global warming still poses a long-term threat, Dutch engineers and planners continue to innovate, making the Netherlands a model for countries facing rising water challenges.
