The United States recently carried out a strike against Islamic State militants in Nigeria, acting at the request of the Nigerian government. The move highlights concerns that the extremist group may be regaining strength after its defeat in the Middle East by a US-led coalition.
President Donald Trump said the group has targeted primarily Christians in Nigeria “at levels not seen for many years.” This incident has renewed global focus on the activities and spread of Islamic State.
What Is Islamic State?
The Sunni extremist group emerged in Iraq and Syria and declared a “caliphate,” claiming authority over all Muslims while displacing al Qaeda. Between 2014 and 2017, it controlled large areas of Iraq and Syria, ruling millions under a strict interpretation of Sharia law. The group became notorious for public executions, torture, and carrying out or inspiring attacks globally. Its caliphate eventually collapsed after sustained campaigns by the US-led coalition.
Where Does Islamic State Operate Now?
Although expelled from major strongholds like Raqqa and Mosul, Islamic State continues to operate in Syria, Iraq, parts of Africa, Afghanistan, and Pakistan. Fighters operate in autonomous cells, and its leadership remains clandestine. The U.N. estimates about 10,000 members remain active in its heartlands. Many have joined affiliates such as the Khorasan branch (ISIS-K) in Afghanistan. In the Philippines, IS-linked groups remain active in Mindanao.
Goals and Tactics
The group seeks to spread its extreme interpretation of Islam. After losing its territories, it shifted to operating through affiliates and sympathizers while still capable of high-profile attacks. IS claims attacks on its Telegram channels to spread terror. Fighters across regions share ideology but rarely exchange weapons or funding. The US believes Abdulqadir Mumin leads the Somalia branch.
Recent Attacks
Islamic State continues to strike globally. In Syria, US military personnel were recently killed by suspected IS sympathizers, prompting large-scale US strikes. In Africa, IS claimed responsibility for a church attack in Congo, killing at least 43 worshippers, and conducted bombings in Somalia that killed 70 militants. IS-inspired violence has also occurred in Australia, where lone attackers appeared motivated by its ideology.
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Experts warn that despite territorial losses, Islamic State retains the ability to inspire attacks worldwide. The US and allied forces continue operations to counter the group’s influence and prevent a resurgence.
