Pakistan’s political landscape in 2025 was defined by confrontation and polarisation. Courtroom verdicts, contentious legislation, and protests overshadowed attempts at political consensus throughout the year.
The year began with a sharp divide between the Pakistan Muslim League–Nawaz (PML-N)-led federal government and Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf (PTI). In February, opposition leader Omar Ayub Khan announced that talks with the government were over. He cited unresolved demands related to judicial investigations into the May 9 riots and PTI’s November 2024 protests. This marked the start of prolonged political confrontation.
Tensions escalated in July when an Anti-Terrorism Court sentenced PTI leaders to ten years in prison for their role in the May 9 riots. PTI called the verdict politically motivated, while the government described it as enforcing the rule of law. The convictions led to several vacated National and Punjab Assembly seats, prompting by-elections later in the year.
In October, Tehreek-e-Labbaik Pakistan (TLP) staged a march toward Islamabad, resulting in clashes with police. Authorities banned TLP under the Anti-Terrorism Act, citing public order concerns. Meanwhile, opposition parties struggled to mobilize large crowds, and PTI’s activity remained focused on campaigns demanding former prime minister Imran Khan’s release.
KP’s political scene shifted in October when PTI founder directed the resignation of Chief Minister Ali Amin Gandapur. Sohail Afridi became the new chief minister and called for reforms in security and provincial decision-making. By-elections in November strengthened PML-N’s position, while PTI maintained its political relevance through Imran Khan’s continued leadership and social media influence.
November also saw the passage of the 27th Constitutional Amendment, creating the Chief of Defence Forces role and the Federal Constitutional Court. PTI opposed the amendment, claiming it threatened judicial independence. However, the ruling coalition passed it with support from select opposition senators.
In other news read more about: Sessions Court Stays Arrest of Imran Khan and Bushra Bibi in May 9 Cases
By year-end, Pakistan’s political landscape in 2025 was marked by polarisation, legal battles, and limited dialogue between government and opposition. Courts, assemblies, and street movements collectively shaped a year dominated more by confrontation than cooperation, suggesting that political divisions will remain central in the years ahead.
