Pakistan’s fertility rate has seen only minor changes over the past two decades. According to a recent study by the Population Council, the average woman still has around three children. The report, supported by the Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office, highlights that fertility initially dropped but has remained largely stable since 2006.
Slow Social and Economic Progress
Experts say slow social and economic development is a key reason fertility has not declined further. Low female education, high child mortality, and limited income growth continue to affect family planning choices. Cultural norms that favor larger families also discourage adoption of modern contraceptive methods.
Dr. Zeba Sathar, Population Council Country Director, said Pakistan is among the few South Asian countries where fertility has not significantly declined. She emphasized that improving girls’ education, skills, and empowerment is essential to enhance family wellbeing and support sustainable population growth.
Implications for Younger Generations
The slow fertility transition has implications for younger generations. Rapid population growth could put pressure on education, health, and employment opportunities. Younger generations may face challenges in accessing quality schooling, healthcare, and job prospects if the current trend continues.
Former Population Council vice president Dr John P.M. Bongaarts noted that other countries have successfully reduced fertility rates and experienced socio-economic gains. In contrast, Pakistan’s slow progress could weaken development unless family planning needs are addressed effectively.
Structural Barriers
UNFPA Country Representative Dr Luay Shabaneh highlighted structural barriers that limit family planning options. Inconsistent policies, limited access to contraceptives, and lack of awareness restrict women’s choices for smaller families. These challenges directly impact younger generations who will inherit the outcomes of today’s population trends.
Recommendations
The study recommends coordinated investments across multiple sectors to achieve development goals by 2035. Key measures include:
- Expanding female secondary education
- Reducing poverty and inequality
- Improving access to family planning services
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Such efforts can help younger generations enjoy better health, education, and economic opportunities. The study concludes that supporting women’s empowerment and addressing fertility challenges are crucial for Pakistan’s long-term development.
