Pakistan has introduced a new licensing framework for low Earth orbit satellite internet operators.
The rules could allow international companies to offer Satellite Internet Services commercially across Pakistan. However, operators will need to meet several regulatory, security and infrastructure requirements before launching services.
The development marks a significant change in Pakistan’s internet sector. Satellite connectivity has traditionally focused mainly on corporate and government customers.
The new framework could eventually expand broadband access, particularly in areas with limited terrestrial connectivity.
PTA Creates Satellite Broadband Licence
Interest from international satellite companies has grown in recent years.
Starlink began discussions with the Pakistan Telecommunication Authority in 2021. At that time, Pakistan lacked specific regulations for consumer satellite broadband.
The government approved the National Space Policy in December 2023. Rules for the Pakistan Space Activities Regulatory Board followed afterward.
The PTA later finalised its satellite broadband licensing framework in April 2026.
Under the licence, operators can provide broadband, bandwidth, backhaul and corporate intranet services.
However, several services remain outside the licence.
These include direct-to-device mobile connectivity and mobile satellite services. Broadcasting and connectivity for moving platforms are also excluded.
Operators Must Build Local Gateway
Companies offering Satellite Internet Services will face local infrastructure requirements. Operators must establish a gateway earth station inside Pakistan within 18 months of receiving their licence.
Domestic internet traffic will have to pass through this local gateway.
User data must also remain within Pakistan under the framework. Operators must install lawful interception systems before beginning commercial operations.
These systems would allow authorised agencies to monitor specific communications when permitted under Pakistani law. Similar requirements already apply to mobile operators and internet service providers in Pakistan.
Satellite Operators Face Major Fees
The financial requirements could also affect companies planning to enter Pakistan. Operators will pay a one-time licence fee of $500,000.
Recurring charges will equal around 2.5% of annual gross revenue. Another 6% contribution will support a space research and development fund.
Together, the recurring charges could reach approximately 8.5% of annual gross revenue.
AJK and Gilgit-Baltistan Excluded
The proposed licensed service area does not include Azad Jammu and Kashmir or Gilgit-Baltistan. This exclusion is significant because both regions contain remote and mountainous communities.
Satellite broadband could potentially help areas where traditional fibre infrastructure remains limited. However, both regions are strategically sensitive because of their locations near borders and the Line of Control.
Other countries have addressed similar concerns using restricted zones and location controls.
India, for example, has introduced geo-fencing and other restrictions around sensitive border areas.
Companies Face Multiple Approval Stages
Satellite operators will need several approvals before starting commercial operations.
A company must first establish a local entity through the Securities and Exchange Commission of Pakistan. It would then require clearance from PSARB and an operational licence from the PTA.
Spectrum approval from the Frequency Allocation Board would also be required.
Questions have also emerged over the regulatory structure surrounding Pakistan’s space sector. PSARB includes significant representation from security and space institutions.
Private-sector, academic and telecom industry representatives are not included on its board.
Suparco’s involvement has also received attention because it participates in PSARB’s administration while operating PAKSAT.
This arrangement could raise concerns about regulatory independence and potential conflicts of interest.
Starlink and Other Companies Eye Pakistan
Several international companies remain interested in Pakistan’s emerging satellite broadband market.
These include Starlink, Amazon’s Project Kuiper and China’s Qianfan.
However, regulatory approvals remain an important hurdle before Satellite Internet Services can become commercially available.
PSARB still needs to finalise its detailed regulatory framework. The authority has sought recommendations from London-based consultancy Access Partnership.
Until the remaining framework is completed, commercial satellite broadband services are unlikely to begin immediately.
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Pakistan has opened a regulatory path for LEO broadband operators. However, companies must still clear multiple licensing, security and infrastructure requirements before launching services.
